Even though Niels Bohr’s quantum theory of spectra was regarded as one of the most revolutionary and successful theory of atomic dynamics, it was limited in the following ways:
The discovery of a temperature seen by an accelerated fiducial observer adds a new dimension to the equivalence principle. Identical thermal effects can be expected to happen near the horizon of a very massive black hole. Nonetheless, in … Read More
As the incident photon energy increases, the likelihood that it will undergo Photoelectric Effect decreases and the Compton Effect also referred to as Compton scattering becomes the dominant mode of interaction.
In Compton scattering, the incident photon with energy hv… Read More
Black holes are areas of space where the gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light can escape. However, that was the understanding held until 1974, when the astrophysicist Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes are indeed radiant objects, … Read More
Electromagnetic waves are electric and magnetic fields traveling through free space at the speed of light; in other words, an electromagnetic wave is a propagating electromagnetic field that travels with finite velocity as a disturbance through a medium. The field … Read More
The largest contribution to the mass of the universe is believed to come from dark matter (i.e. matter that we can’t see). This dark matter is inferred to exist from studies of the motion of outlying stars, orbiting galaxies, the … Read More
Atoms that are cooled below a millikelvin can also be held in space with either static magnetic fields, laser fields, or a combination of a weak magnetic field and circularly polarized light. Atoms traps can be used to accumulate a … Read More
Friction produces electric charges high in the atmosphere. This occurs when small particles such as water droplets and ice collide or rub against one another. Wind, among other factors, separates these charges and large electric forces develop between the ground … Read More
Nuclear magnetic moments (along with electronic magnetic moments) precess (spin) when placed in an external magnetic field, B. The frequency at which they precess, called the Lamor precessional frequency, wL, is directly proportional to the magnetic field.… Read More
MRI provides physicians with a tool to assess a patient’s health. To have an MRI exam, the patient lies in a very strong magnetic field that is generated by powerful magnets. The MRI machine then applies radio waves to the … Read More
