Atoms that are cooled below a millikelvin can also be held in space with either static magnetic fields, laser fields,…
Nuclear magnetic moments (along with electronic magnetic moments) precess (spin) when placed in an external magnetic field, B. The frequency…
This property of atomic electrons was discovered through experimentation. The close observation of spectral lines revealed that each line was…
Bohr’s correspondence principle states that predictions of quantum theory must correspond to the predictions of classical physics in the region…
The magnetic quantum number for an electron classifies which orientation its subshell shape is pointed. The “lobes” for subshells point…
The exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers i.e.…
A shell is made up of subshells. Subshells are regions of space where electron “clouds” are allowed to exist, and…
Symbolized by the letter n, this number describes the shell that an electron resides in. An electron “shell” is a…
In 1935 Yukawa proposed in his paper that there exist a meson field, that is, a field that is different…
Generally all particles other than field particles can be classified into two broad categories: Hadrons Leptons Hadrons Particles that interact…